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Liability of the state for damage caused in relation to the administration of taxes with focus on security orders
Bareš, Martin ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
This rigorous thesis consists of three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. In the introduction of this thesis, the author explains the reasons for the choice of the given topic, defines the objectives of the thesis and its systematics. The author also describes the methodology of the thesis and the sources. In the first chapter, the author defines the concept of tax administration. In the second chapter author focus on security orders, conditions for its issuance and consequences of their issuance, as well as termination of their effectiveness are discussed in detail. In the third chapter, the author introduces the reader to the legal regulation of the state liability for damage caused in the exercise of public authority, where attention is paid to individual issues of this institute. In particular, the prerequisites for state liability for damage, the issues of limitation, obliged and entitled persons and the specifics of the claim for compensation against the state. The focus of the thesis is in its fourth chapter, which deals with the liability of the state for damages caused by tax administration. In this chapter, the author applies the general conclusions adopted in the previous chapters to the issue of the tax administrator's misconduct in tax administration. In the first subchapter,...
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Securing orders in theory and practice of the financial government and administrative courts
Vondráková, Michala ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
Securing orders in theory and practice of the financial government and administrative courts Abstract This work explains the institute of securing order, as defined in Act n. 280/2009, Coll., tax code. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the securing orders were used by the Financial government and consequently judged by the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic. The first part of the work in concerned with the theory of securing orders, meaning their function, the way they are used and conditions for use as well as their termination. In this part, there are also the statistics of their use issued by the Financial government. This part of the work is based on commentaries of the Tax Code by Baxa and Kaniová, and Lichnovský, also a new publication by Vladimír Balcar and articles by experts on this topic from the ranks of tax advisors, Tomáš Hajdušek and Jan Rambousek. The second part of the work contains a description of five court decisions that prove that the institute is neither negative nor positive by itself, but it depends on its use by the Financial government. As an illustration, I chose cases that either confirm or reverse the securing orders. Specifically, in the second part I describe the following cases: the case of Českomoravská olejářská komanditní společnost (4 Afs 22/2015-...
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Hedge commands
Šedová, Kristýna ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee)
1 Abstract Hedge commands The diploma thesis focuses on the hedge commands with a purpose to evaluate whether this tool is necessary for efficient tax administration or it is an institute which excessively and disproportionately infringes fundamental rights of tax entities protected by the Constitution. The thesis introduces chosen fundamental principles of the tax administration which may be applied in the tax security proceedings. Next, some relevant regulations of the Tax Code are summarized with emphasis on tax proceedings and some institutes of the tax payment followed by the legislation of a hedge command including procedural impacts and possible legislative amendments. The principal subject matter of the thesis is a study of selected interpretative problems of hedge command with respect to the case law of administrative courts and to the practice of the tax administration. These problems are namely its legal nature, necessary preconditions to its issuance, its liquidation character and procedural matters. The analysis made serves as a basis for the final part which deals with possibilities of defense against a hedge command in tax security, judicial and execution procedure which is completed by the inquiries of the ombudsman. Hedge command gives the authority to a tax administrator to secure the tax...
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Transparency in the State Administration as Protection of Legal Principles Illustrated by the Example of Using of Hedge Commands by the Financial Administration
Bajmaku, Violeta ; Kohoutek, Jan (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
The thesis explains the need for a high level of transparency in the state administration on a concrete example of administrative practice - using of hedge commands by the financial administration. For explanation, the hedge command is is the ultima ratio tool in the area of the tax administration. The topic was widely publicized and, in particular, the cases of liquidation effects of the hedge commands on some entrepreneurs and cases where the courts decided against financial administration. The mistrust that has arisen in using of this tool is considered a public-political problem in the text. The thesis examines the trustworthiness of the state institution in connection with the degree of transparency. It deals with the influence of the bureaucracy on the state administration, with the accountability of the state officials and with the concept of good governance, on which the need for transparency proves. The multiple case study in the empirical part of the thesis presents five selected critical cases of the use of the hedge command, when the courts decided in favor of the companies. A document analysis was used to describe the cases, especially court judgments, also news and reports. The expert survey then offers a view of experts on the given issue. The primary data was obtained through eight...
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